Unit 2 (SINGMUND FREUD (1856-1939))

SINGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)


Singmund Freud was as Austrian doktor who explored the workings of the human mind. He delevoped psychoanalysis, which is both a way treating neurosis, or mental disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.
Freud was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia. When he was four, his family moved to Viena, Austria. Freud entered the University of Viena when he was 17. One day he attended a lecture on nature. He was so fascinated that he made up his mind to become a docter.
Freud become interested in diseases of the mind. In 1885, he won a fellowship to study in Paris under the guidance of a doctor, Jean Martin Chariot, who was famaos for his work on this kind of diseases. The next year, Freud returned to Vienna, married, and began to treat diseases of the mind.
Freud has great insight into the human mind. He thought that every person is born with certain needs, he said, are unconscious-peopleare not a ware of thinking a bout such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious needs the id, and said that person's id operates to give pleasure.
Freud also said that, as we grow up from infancy, we acquire an ego, a collection of memories and thoughts that help us deal with the word around us. We continue to grow, and from the teaching of our family and society, we develop a superego- a conscience. Our superego and id often push in opposite ways. Our ego usually reduces this conflict by helping us to get pleasure without "hurting" our conscience.
But if a person unconscious thought and needs are very strong, they may cause unusual behavior, or neurosis. Freud's treatment for neurosis is psychoanalysis (examination of the mind), a method for uncovering these unconscious thoughts and understanding how they cause problems, Freud thoughts that dreams-even dreams that seem to make no sense- are a very important clue to understanding the mind.


Glossary

Explore : menyelidiki
Neurosis : gangguan mental
Disturbances : gangguan
Fascinated : tertarik, terpesona
Diseases : penyakit
Fellowship : beasiswa
Insight : perhatian, wawasan
Unconscious : tidak sadar
Id : keinginan, nafsu
Ego : tindakan untuk mendapatkan keinginan
Superego : norma ( yang mengontrol tindakan / ego)
Pleasure : kesenangan
Infancy : masa kecil
Acquire : mendapatkan
Uncovering : menemukan


A. Reading text tranlation

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)


Sigmund Freud seorang dokter dari Austria yang menyelidiki pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang berkaitan dengan pikiran manusia. Dia mengembangkan psikoanalisis, yaitu suatu cara yang menyembuhkan neurosis, atau gangguan-gangguan mental, demikian pula neurosis merupakan suatu teori bagaimana pikiran bekerja.
Freud dilahirkan di Moravia, sekarang merupakan dari Cekoslowakia. Ketika dia berumur 4 tahun, keluarganya pindah ke Wina, Austria. Freud memasuki Universitas Wina, ketika dia berumur 17 tahun. Suatu hari dia menghadiri kuliah tentang alam, dia sangat kagum sehingga dia memutuskan untuk menjadi seorang dokter.
Freud menjadi tertarik untuk menekuni penyakit-penyakit pikiran. Tahun 1885 dia memperoleh suatu beasiswa untuk belajar di Paris dibawah bimbingan seorang dokter, Jean Martin Chariot, yang terkenal untuk karyanya yang berkaitan dengan penyakit-penyakit itu. Tahun berikutnya, Freud kembali ke Wina, menikah, dan mulai menyembuhkan penyakit-penyakit pikiran.
Freud memiliki pandangan besar mengenai/tentang pikiran manusia. Dia berfikir bahwa setiap orang dilahirkan dengan kebutuhan-kebutuhan tertentu, dia mengatakan, kebutuhan-kebutuhan tersebut tidak disadari (unconscious)-manusia tidak sadar akan kebutuhan-kebutuhan itu. Freud menamakan bagian dari pikiran yang mengendalikan kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang tidak disadari dan instinktif tersebut sebagai id, dan dia mengatakan bahwa id seseorang bekerja untuk memberikan kesenangan.
Freud juga mengatakan bahwa ketika kita tumbuh sejak bayi, kita memperoleh suatu ego, sekumpulan kenangan dan pikiran yang membantu kita berhubungan dengan dunia sekitar kita. Kita terus tumbuh, dan dari pengajaran keluarga dan masyarakat kita, kita mengembangkan suatu superogo- suatu suara batin/kata batin. Superego dan id kita sering mendorong dalam jalan yang berlawanan. Ego kita biasanya mengurangi konflik antara id dan superego karena ego menolong kita untuk memperoleh kesenangan tanpa "melukai" kata batin kita.
Tapi jika pikiran-pikiran dan kebutuhan-kebutuhan tidak sadar seseorang sangat kuat (menonjol). Semua itu dapat menyebabkan prilaku yang tidak biasa, atau neurosis (prilaku menyimpang). Penyembuhan Freud untuk neurosis disebut psikoanalisis (pemeriksaan terhadap pikiran), suatu metode untuk membuka pikiran-pikiran tidak sadar dan memahami bagaimana semua itu menyebabkan masalah-masalah, demikian pula mimpi-mimpi yang kelihatannya tidak masuk akal merupakan suatu tanda yang sangat penting untuk memahami pikiran.


EXERCISE
Answer these following question based on the above text!

1. when was Sigmund Freud born? Sigmund Freud was born in Moravia.
2. How old did he die? 83 years old
3. What was he concerned with? He was concerned with diseases of the mind
4. When did he join University? He joined university when he was 17
5. Why did he want to be a doctor? Because he was so fascinated on nature
6. Who was Jean Martin Chariot? Jean Martin Chariot was the Sigmund Freud's advisor/guide
7. According to Freud, food and drink are unconscious needs. Why did he say so? Because they are instinctive for the human beings.
8. These needs, he sad, are unconscious - people are no aware of thinking about such needs. What does "dash" (-)" mean? The dask (-) means the sign of an explamation for the word unconscious.
9. Mention the example of conscious needs and don't forget to explain each! Examples of conscious needs : need for achievement, need for affiliation, need for power.Need for achievement is the need to achieve goals. For example some one want to be a scholar. Need for affiliation is the need for close relationship. For example someone want to have a close friend, boy freind, girl friend. Need for power is the need to influence or persuade others to follow his/her intruction. For example someone want to be a manager/leader.
10. What do id, ego, and superego mean? Id is the need that are instinctive unconscious. For example, it can be an imtict to drink or eat.
Ego is the need to grow or nature an human beings, for example, ego can be the need to be a leader/ manager. Superego is family or social needs. For example superego can be unconssience derived from parents and society such as be good to your freinds, do not spoil the party.


Conscious, make up his mind, fellowship, fascinate, and acquire, disturbance, dealing, and ego

1. He is always confused to choose wich girl he should marry. His friends tells him to make his mind up which girl he tends to marry quickly.
2. He is a smart students but poor. He wants to enter the University without paying anything. His uncle, then, asks him to join a fellowship program
3. My child is always interested in toys-cars and always asks me to buy them. One day we want shopping in delta plaza. Suddenly he stopped in front of car-shop and pointed out the big car. As a mater of fact, he was fascinated by the car, which was like his toy-car. And do you know what happened? He asked me to buy that car!
4. He was in coma for days, but now he is fully conscious again.
5. Some student say, that they study hard because they want to get reward from their parents. Some want to obtain good marks and some other want to aquire knowledge only.
6. Dealing some problems we have to discuss, would you please attend the meeting scheduled on Saturday night, 17 august 1995 at my house. Because it is very urgent, no excuse for you not to come to the meeting. Thanks a lot.